The Promise is the Same

by Peter L. DeGroote

 

 

 

Notes for Bible Talk: August 31, 2005

Please read:

Matthew 20: 1-14a

 

 

 

 

 

Bible Talk is an informal discussion of biblical passages, ideas, and related material.

The discussions are on Wednesday evenings at 7:30 pm, following the Service of Word and Table. Occasionally, they will not be held due to special events.

These Notes are intended to assist participants in thinking about the passages and some of their implications prior to the gathering.   

Usually, the Notes are prepared and the discussion is led by Rev. Peter L. DeGroote

 

 

The sources for biblical quotations are labeled as follows:

NRSV: The New Revised Standard Version, Copyright ©1989, The National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States.

SV: The Scholar’s Version; i.e., The Five Gospels, The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus, Robert W. Funk and Roy W. Hoover, and The Jesus Seminar, Copyright © 1993 by Polebridge Press.

TM: The Message, The New Testament in Contemporary Language, Copyright © Eugene H. Peterson 1993. navpress, Colorado Springs.

M: My paraphrase.

 

 

1. A landowner went to a day-labor market to hire workers, a scene that has been repeated in urban life from ancient times down to today. Agreeing to the normal work hours, 7AM to 6PM, and to the standard daily wage of one silver coin, he sent them to work in his vineyard.

 

    At about 9 AM, the landowner saw others loitering in the marketplace and he sent them to his vineyard, promising to pay "what was fair." They would have to trust his word and sense of fairness. Peculiarly, he did the same thing for another group of men at 3 PM and still another at 5 PM, an hour before quitting time.

 

2. At quitting time, the owner told his foreman to pay all of them, starting with the last to arrive. Those who had worked for only an hour received a silver coin, a whole day's wages. Then came those hired at 3PM and they received a whole day's wages, as did those hired at 9AM.

 

 A.  Seeing what the others received, those who had worked a full day had great expectations that were dashed when they too received one silver coin, what they had been promised. They complained: “We have toiled for you all day through the hot sun but you have made us equal to those who had worked only a part of the day, equal even to those who had worked for only an hour.” The landowner asked how he had wronged them. "Didn't I keep my promise?" He told them to be on their way.

 

B. The parable ends with the landowner explaining that equal pay had been his intention from the beginning. Then come the questions that mark the end of any parable: Is there some law forbidding me to do with my money as I please? Or is your eye filled with envy because I am generous?   Old timers in the Church will have to admit to a tendency to think that we have some special standing with God that "newbies" do not have. It's as if there is a long period of building up seniority. The longer the seniority, the better is our standing with God. Not so says Jesus. 

 

C. The parable is but one of many illustrations of Jesus reminding us that God does not live by human rules or ways. We might think of those in the day-labor market as people waiting and searching for the means to live in harmony with God. Once we begin to do so, we discover an equality of our relationships with God; there are no favorites, no special cases. Likewise, we begin to discover equality in the way we perceive and treat others.

 

3. Among the other directions that this parable may take our thoughts, three are summarized:  

 

A. When we believe we can predict and calculate God's grace or activity we are on the wrong track. As already said, God usually surprises us. Theologians often talk of this as the Sovereignty of God or of God doing as God pleases. You will recall that when Moses asked for God's name the answer was "I am," which can be translated in a number of way, to include "I am who I am" and "I will be who I will be." Those of us who want God to be with us in what we are doing find it disconcerting that God claims absolute freedom, even from our goals and objectives. Those who seek to be with God in whatever God is doing begin to learn that God’s freedom rubs off. In that rubbing we find out who we are and usually bear witness to the truth of the saying “God makes all things new.” 

 

B. Jesus probably used the parable to respond to the criticism that he befriended what the bible calls "publicans and sinners." Unlike the religious leaders, he had not given up on those who did not respond to God and he did not make them his enemy. Instead, like the landowner who kept returning all day, constantly looking for people who were not included, Jesus was always ready with his Good News of how we can live in harmony with God and each other; i.e., living a life as God intended, what some call living in the Kingdom of God. 

 

C. This parable is another example of the theme of reversed expectations so characteristic of Jesus. Another example that pops into mind from this context is the reversal of common wisdom about the rich and poor; i.e., God's domain or kingdom belongs to the poor and it will be harder for the rich to enter God's domain than it is for a camel to squeeze through the eye of a needle." Another example is Jesus' aphorism that Matthew added to the end of the parable: "The last will be first and the first last."

 

Note: All Quotes Scholar’s Version (SV)

 

 

Peter L. DeGroote