Sabbath, a Gift to Recover

by Peter L. DeGroote

 

 

 

Notes for Bible Talk: September 14, 2005

Please read:

Exodus 20: 8-11

 

 

 

 

 

Bible Talk is an informal discussion of biblical passages, ideas, and related material.

The discussions are on Wednesday evenings at 7:30 pm, following the Service of Word and Table. Occasionally, they will not be held due to special events.

These Notes are intended to assist participants in thinking about the passages and some of their implications prior to the gathering.   

Usually, the Notes are prepared and the discussion is led by Rev. Peter L. DeGroote

 

 

The sources for biblical quotations are labeled as follows:

NRSV: The New Revised Standard Version, Copyright ©1989, The National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States.

SV: The Scholar’s Version; i.e., The Five Gospels, The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus, Robert W. Funk and Roy W. Hoover, and The Jesus Seminar, Copyright © 1993 by Polebridge Press.

TM: The Message, The New Testament in Contemporary Language, Copyright © Eugene H. Peterson 1993. navpress, Colorado Springs.

M: My paraphrase.

 

 

1. The Ten Commandments are commonly broken into two parts, the first three concerning our relations with God, the remainder our relations with each other. Some place the fourth commandment in the first, others in the second category.

 

2. The fourth commandment requires a Sabbath. It contains three elements: First, the necessity of human work is acknowledged. Second, one in every seven days is to be a Sabbath day wherein no one and nothing works, including the animals. Third, we are to do it because God rested on the seventh and we are to live in harmony with God. 

 

3. In early Israel Sabbath meant a complete work stoppage for the whole family, clan, and village. One portion of the passage is addressed to those in charge: you shall not work—you, your son or your daughter, your male or female slave, your livestock, or the alien resident in your towns. (NRSV) Knowing the penchant for some to relax while others continued to work for their benefit, those in charge, the owners, managers, and administrators were expected to make the Sabbath possible. Do not require anyone to work, not even your animals, but let all celebrate God's creation and activity among us. Sabbath involves several underlying themes, including the following:

 

A. Sabbath is the opportunity to both declare and celebrate human equality before God. Human distinctions based on being the boss, wealthy, or powerful are cast aside. No one may give orders or directions; all are to rest and be restored in God's presence. It is done to honor and respect (or love) God and, as Jesus later pointed out, to truly honor and respect (love) God, we inevitably honor and respect (love) others. Sabbath was a tool of spiritual discipline reminding all of their equality before God. 

 

B. Sabbath was also a proclamation of freedom. The economic, political, and social structures that control our day-to-day existence always want more from us than we can give and we are often lured into expecting from them more than they are able to give us. A Sabbath day sends the message that our safety, security, even our rest and well being do not come from endless productivity and social activity but from our trust in God. Sabbath demonstrated that human wisdom and strength ultimately rest in one's being able to rest in the presence of God.

 

C. The biblical Sabbath has little to do with going to Church on Sunday. Nothing is said about worship. Worship with a community is essential to spiritual health, but, originally, it was not a Sabbath activity. Actually, worship and other Sunday activities usually mean work for quite a number of people.

 

4. When introduced, Sabbath was revolutionary; becoming one of the several unique characteristics differentiating the Israelites from others in the ancient world. For them, it served several additional functions, including:

 

A. Sabbath was a symbol of identity for the Israelites, an identity that also reflected a singleness of purpose that often infuriated others.

 

B. Sabbath was also a sign by which a whole people pointed to their understanding of God and God's relation to humanity.

 

C. Despite it sometimes being taken to the extreme, and at other time very casually, Sabbath was a way that a faithful people could share (witness) their experience of God to others.   

 

5. In a multicultural society, it seems pointless to even dream of recapturing this ancient sense of an entire society keeping Sabbath. Even when we seek a Sabbath of our own, we are usually looking for relaxation and recreation, not contemplation of our relationship with God and God's creation. Likewise, most of our Sabbath activities require that someone else work, even if it is just watching the football games.

 

   Nevertheless, the functions of ancient Sabbath place before us questions we need to answer. What is it that is used by Christians to identify a singleness of purpose? What behaviors (not words) do we use to demonstrate our experience of God? By what behavior (not words) do we share (witness) our experience of God to others? 

 

 

 

 

Peter L. DeGroote